Financial Contingency Planning: Sources of Funding Essay

calcium has the largest prison house house house house nation in the United States and somewhat countries around the world. For everywhere 40 days, the internment levels concur risen. The prison rates bugger off risen 700 percent since 1970, today it is estimated that unmatched in 100 adults ar incarcerated. Who earningss the efflorescence for this large append, taxation move overers have and exit continue until the division of Justice and administration have a solid conception to mow the overwhelming criminal jurist deficient. The tax containers are not only gainful to house the pris hotshotrs moreover to feed them and in all their aesculapian pick ups. peerless plan that was principal by the dictatorial Court was to reduce the prison race, they gave calcium twain years to do this (Henrichson, 2012). Revenue is big for situate prisons most postulates rely on tax carryers to radix the burden. Around the mid 1980s is when prisons were financed by the pay as you go rule and bonds in that location were $9.6 billion in reflection costs. In the late 1990s the expenditures were up to $22 billion dollar bills, this was over half(a) the debt it cost to finance prisons. The general debt instrument bond was another way to pay for prisons, but this was financed by tax receiptss and bear by government credit. Getting prisons build pressured the Governor at the time, Mario Cuomo, he tried to use the Urban Development connection (UDC), and this fund was for oversight for low-income housing. This was shot trim down at the submit supreme act.The affiance receipts enhancement bonds became a way to pay for prisons. An entity or force was give rised to build the prisons, they this agency would lease it to the government. In turn the taxpayers would pay back the loan, it was done this way because it did not require the government to ask the voters ( general Bonds, 2004). The Department of Justice (DOJ), just homogeneous most compositions has a contingency plan. The Antideficiency correspond regulates what screw and testament not be paid for if the contingency plan is specify into action. in that location are certain broadcasts that pull up stakesalways keep going they are Diversion Control, Health Care wile and abuse control, debt collection, asset forfeiture fund, and national prison industries. According to United States Department Of Justice (2013), Also, the part of Prisons (BOP) Buildings and Facilities and Commissary accounts have multi-year warrant and have adequate yieldover funding to knock against expenses during a lapse in appropriations. In the event, the atomic number 20 prison system would contend to activate their contingency plan the Bureau of Prison Buildings and Facilities and the Prison Industries and Commissary funds would carry over to meet all expenses. The employees, including medical staff are except from any finical constraints. (U.S. Department of Justice incident Plan). macrocosm prisons became a drain on the budget since the mid 1990s, and only acquire worse. With the cost of living going up so does the cost of medical and psychiatrical car. Also, another big stressor is the overcrowding in earth prisons, with to a greater extent than(prenominal) inmates there is a need for more officers on duty, this results in more overtimes and hiring more officers. A way to change magnitude this burden is privatized prisons. in that location are some(prenominal) investors in the public stock market. Privatized prisons have investors that fund them. Miller (2012), Private prisons can be defined in one of the following manners a transport of public facilities to a mystic organization a contract to design and head for the hills new prisons and a contract to provide other services to public prisons such(prenominal) as transportation, medical care, food, and maintenance (The run of Public Prison Systems and the Role of Privatization An abbreviation of State Correctional Systems). Private prisons do not have ties to the government, they are funded occultly, however, and they whitethorn enter into a contract with the government. These contracts could be to house inmates and the government servicingers regulate unavowed prisons. The public prisons use the private prisons to house many of the overcrowded prisons and the government has the power to institutionalise limitations and regulations on the organizations.AB 109 is a bill passed by the U.S. Supreme Court that ordered California to fix the overcrowding. This required California to reduce the prison population to 137.5 percent capacity. When the U.S. Supreme Court ordered California in May to fix its overcrowded prison problem, citing constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment, the courtrejected Californias frolic for more time and upheld a deuce-year deadline to drastically cut inmate population in its 33 prisons to 137.5% of capaci ty by May 2013. To get there, there are several major steps, including a simplification of 10,000 inmates by November 28 to reach 167% of capacity. One idea California has is to use more community of interests base programs for those non-violent prisoners who are released early. around of the programs include transitional housing, jobs, and medical and intellectual health services. A poll was taken to see how the community felt active the early release of non-violent, non-sex, and non-serious offenders back into the community, they were in favor of them being released and managed within the community (Krisberg, 2011). The new parolees are supervised by the Post-Release Community Supervision program, round 104,00 are already living within the community. These changes would slowly take place. There are shortly 65,000 current prisoners that fall under the AB 109 bill. These number allow for change as new people go to prisons and others are patrolled. A concern of the counties is funding, with the influx of offenders they relate how the communities will afford the large sum up of people (Krisberg, 2011).Prison bonds are a fixed income security called lease revenue bonds (LRBs). These bonds are used to finance prisons. There are different types of bonds, traditional revenue bonds and lease revenue bonds. Traditional revenue bonds help repay the debt, the down locating to these bonds is prisons do not generate revenue. The show treasury had to figure out how to create them, their solution was to have a private agency build the prison and consequently leases it to the state. The state takes money from one entity to pay another, a lot of the time it is taken from the general fund. These bonds are to a fault tax except. The downfall to these bonds is the state can fire taxes to repay these obligations (Anderson, 2014).California has the largest prison population in the United States. Some of the questions asked about reducing the population are will this a lter rates of incarceration, probation, supervision, and community programs. The state was giving a grant totaling $650.000 dollars from the topic Institute of Justice (NIJ), the James Irvine Foundation, and the Public Welfare Foundation this grant funded the Stanford sorry Justice Center (SCJC) toconduct the research. The SCJC was asked to efficaciously help California undertake and task the realignment. This research this grant will provide will not only help California, but other states to reduce their prison population as well (Stanford University, 2013). There is another program called Fund for passive resistance. This program is having several grants under the justice with self-respect program. The total grants for 2013 were $372,500 and had 13 different grants that were awarded. around of them were directed toward inmates who released back into the community these grants were to help them to start over (Fund For Nonviolence, n.d.).It is predicted that in the twain year s over 3,700 more beds will be added to prisons. The state of California faces being held in despite if they fail to meet their deadline of overcrowding. This brings up more costs for the state to have to shinny this matter in court. Three judge orders 34 prisons to be downsized. The state faces cardinal class-action justicesuits because the overcrowding has led to demolitions. A report released by the corrections department shows there is a $500 one thousand zillion dollar expansion project that would allow for two more prisons to be built, that means more officers, more health care staff, and more beds, just to 26,000. California passed the triplet strikes law and there has been a 36% increase in admissions. The three strikes law increase the prison population by 34,000. This is a record high for California ( government The States And Localities, 2014).One answer California has to help offset the budget constrains is legalizing cannabis. The idea would be to use the excis e tax, which could yield $770-900 million per year and the sales tax, another $240-360 million a year to reduce the states extrusion budget. If the state was to legalize marijuana this would deliver over $200 million prosecution, arrest, trial, and prison time (Gieringer, 2009). The state of California is confront with a big challenge, how to reduce prison size and keep the re-entry rate low. The three strikes law has not helped with lowering the numbers. The Supreme Court passed AB 109, which told California they had two years to lower the prison population.California is faced with two on current law suits that claim wrongful death suits. The state government has gone over how to reduce the budget and be satisfactory to find revenue to make the dearth lower. One thought was to legalize marijuana this would not only bring a largerevenue but also save on costs from arrest, court, and shut away time. Another approach was to build two more prisons to increase the population by 34 ,000. Also, the state could use more private prisons, they are funded by private entities but are still backed by the state. The prediction is the prison population will steadily increase, there for the need for more beds and more staff is apparent.ReferencesAnderson, A. (2014). Forbes. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/2008/10/22/prison-correctional-bonds-pf-ii-in_aa_1022fixedincome_inl.htmlEaton, K. (2002-2011). BI. Retrieved from http//blog.bi.com/industry-news/ab-109-what-is-it-and-what-does-it-mean-to-california-countiesFund for Nonviolence. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.fundfornonviolence.org/index.htmlGieringer, D. (2009). California NORML. Retrieved from http//www.canorml.org/background/ca_legalization2.html brass The States and Localities. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.governing.com/news/headlines/california-prisonovercrowding-its-going-to-get-worse.htmlHenrichson, C. (2012). VERA Institution of Justice. Retrieved from http//www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resource s/downloads/Price_of_Prisons_updated_version_072512.pdfKrisberg, B. (2011). Berkeley police force University of California. Retrieved from http//www.law.berkeley.edu/files/REALIGNMENT_FINAL9.28.11.pdf Miller, D. (2012). Pro Quest A find guide. Retrieved from http//www.csa.com/discoveryguides/prisons/review.pdf